Constitutional judges and European Union law: Activism versus deference in the use of the preliminary reference to the European Court of Justice

The Constitutional Court is the only court entitled to decide on its jurisdiction. The developments in this respect have critics calling into question the constitutional judge’s assumption of the role of a legislator or an ordinary judge. In Judicial activism. Pros and cons, we examine this issue by focusing on the relationship between the Constitutional Court of Romania (CCR) and Romanian authorities.