Efecto biorremediador de la espirulina y Trichoderma spp. en suelo contaminado con plomo (Pb)

The present study aimed to analyze the bioremediation effect of Spirulina and Trichoderma spp. on lead-contaminated soils, evaluating their ability to reduce lead concentrations, changes in soil physicochemical properties, and their potential for ecological restoration. A sample of gasoline-contaminated soil was taken from El Empalme, Los Ríos, and analyzed at the INIAP soil laboratory. Three treatments: liquid Spirulina, Trichoderma spp., and a control, were applied for 15 days. The samples were then dried and returned to the laboratory for evaluation of variables such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), ammonium (NH4), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), base ∑, and lead (Pb) content. A completely randomized design with 5 replicates per treatment was used. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey's test using InfoStat and Excel. Spirulina and Trichoderma spp. increased soil pH, electrical conductivity, and basic cations (K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺), while reducing ammonium, phosphorus, and lead, demonstrating their effectiveness in bioremediation and soil improvement. Spirulina and Trichoderma spp. improve soil quality, reduce contaminants, and promote optimal conditions for sustainable crops.