Rural Landscape Spatial Change Predictionand Environmental OptimizationBased on CA-Markov Model

China's vast rural area is an important spatial carrier of ecology, production, and life.However, in recent years, the extensive development mode has caused great damage to the rural space, causing a series of problems such as the imbalance of rural industrial structure and the deterioration of the ecological environment [1].China's extensive rural settlements are distributed in a complex natural environment with undulating terrain, steep slopes, and deep valleys [2,3].In recent years, the change in rural landscape patterns has become