Histopathological Analysis of Granulomatous Lesions of Skin and Its Correlation with Clinical Diagnosis at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Bhavnagar

Background: Granulomatous diseases comprise some of the most widespread diseases in the world, such as leprosy and tuberculosis. The incidence of various granulomatous skin lesions varies with geographic location, and the pattern differs between countries and regions within a single nation. With changes in the region, the prevalence of various types of granulomas can differ. Thus, this study helps to identify the most common cause of lesions in the study population. Materials and Methods: The study included all the biopsies from patients who were either clinically suspected of granulomatous lesions of the skin or were diagnosed with granulomatous lesions by histopathological findings in a tertiary care hospital, Bhavnagar. Results: Of the total 92 skin biopsies, 57.61% showed clinicopathological concordance. Out of 57 cases confirmed by histopathology, the highest number of granulomatous lesions (18) was seen in the age group of 31 to 40 years. In the present study, the most common granulomatous skin lesion is leprosy (n = 47, 82.46%). Leprosy is followed by cutaneous tuberculosis and granuloma annulare, with 2 cases (3.51%) each. There were cases of leishmaniasis, sarcoidosis, actinomycosis, pyoderma gangrenosum, secondary syphilis of the skin, and a case with necrobiosis, with 1 case of each in the present study. Among leprosy cases, most (n = 27, 57.45%) were multibacillary leprosy. Conclusion: Our study showed that the most common etiology for granulomatous skin lesions is leprosy in the studied region, predominantly involving adult males. It demonstrated that etiology-specific diagnosis can be achieved through clinical evidence, morphology of granuloma, and special stains.