Spatially-resolved TRGB JWST Color–Magnitude Diagram as a Tool to Measure Fossil Stellar Metallicity Gradients in Disk Galaxies: NGC 628

Abstract We use archival JWST/NIRCam images in the F115W, F150W, and F200W filters to measure the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) magnitudes across the disk of the late-type spiral galaxy NGC 628. In this exploratory study, we demonstrate how the metallicity-dependence of TRGB magnitudes in the near-infrared (NIR) filters can be exploited by making use of the theoretical isochrones to determine metallicities of the fossil 10 Gyr old population over kiloparsec scales without being affected by the age–metallicity reddening degeneracy. We obtain a smooth metallicity gradient that decreases from Z = 0.003 in the central regions to Z = 0.002 in the external parts, with a typical error on Z of 0.0002. The extinction variation across the disk caused by the diffuse interstellar dust is spiky with a median value of A V = 0.12 mag. We propose that the large bubbles in the disks of galaxies offer dust-free lines of sight for measuring the TRGB magnitudes, and hence the distance to galaxies, to an accuracy that is as good as that of the halo populations. Using the Phantom Void, we obtain a TRGB distance modulus of 29.81 ± 0.05(stat) ± 0.06(sys) mag for NGC 628, which agrees well with the most recent PNLF measurement of 29.89 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.09</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.06</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> for this galaxy.