Quantum Secret Sharing Protocol Based on Mutually Unbiased Bases in Vehicular Networks

Abstract In this study, a quantum secret sharing protocol based on mutually unbiased bases and its characteristics is proposed, and the implementation of the protocol is described in detail in the vehicular network environment. The protocol uses road condition information as the secret signal, which is distributed by the Traffic Control System. Vehicles participating in secret recovery can obtain road condition information, allowing them to plan their routes in advance and effectively avoid more severe traffic issues. The protocol employs two unitary matrices to encrypt data in a mutually unbiased basis and publishes the hash value of the data, ensuring unconditional security against both internal and external threats. The key rate serves as a critical parameter for proving the security of our protocol. A comprehensive analysis of the key rate's performance is conducted in relation to detection efficiency, depolarization probability, and transmission distance. Additionally, this study provides a security analysis supported by mathematical proofs. Compared to similar protocols, this protocol offers higher efficiency and requires shorter computation time, thereby enabling more efficient transmission of traffic signals and reducing traffic congestion and other related issues.