Left bundle branch block morphology on electrocardiogram after massive diphenhydramine overdose

Diphenhydramine is a first-generation antihistamine with various pharmacologic effects including sodium channel blockade. Electrocardiographic findings often presents with QRS prolongation with a rightward axis. Left bundle branch block (LBBB) is a rare manifestation in this context. We present a case of a 35-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department after ingesting 100 tablets of diphenhydramine 25 mg (46 mg/kg) with alcohol to self-harm. She experienced two generalized tonic-clonic seizures en route to the hospital. Initial vital signs were: pulse of 105 bpm, blood pressure of 141/101 mmHg, oxygen saturation of 100 % by mask ventilation, and temperature of 95.9 °F. She was intubated for airway protection. Laboratory results revealed hypokalemia (2.3 mmol/L), elevated lactate (10.4 mmol/L), and serum ethanol concentration of 187 mg/dL. A whole blood diphenhydramine concentration, taken six hours post-presentation, was elevated at 7324.9 ng/mL (therapeutic levels: 25-112 ng/mL). An electrocardiogram showed sinus tachycardia, heart rate 116 beats/minute, PR interval of 54 ms, QRS duration of 152 ms, and new LBBB. The patient received 150 mEq of sodium bicarbonate and a repeat electrocardiogram demonstrated sinus tachycardia and resolution of LBBB. During her hospital course, she maintained normal sinus rhythm without conduction abnormalities. She was extubated the following day and transferred to a psychiatric unit two days later. Reversible LBBB can be observed due to various etiologies including sodium channel blockade. Our case demonstrates that patients who develop a new LBBB after diphenhydramine overdose can be treated with standard therapy, including sodium bicarbonate.

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Publication Details

Journal
Toxicology Reports
Published
2025-04-22
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.102029
Citations
1
Primary Topic
Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
1.39
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article

Left bundle branch block morphology on electrocardiogram after massive diphenhydramine overdose

Riku Moriguchi, Martín Krause, Jeremy Hardin, Henrik Galust et al.
1 citations
Toxicology Reports
Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
1.39
article

Left bundle branch block morphology on electrocardiogram after massive diphenhydramine overdose

Riku Moriguchi, Martín Krause, Jeremy Hardin, Henrik Galust, Richard F. Clark, Justin Seltzer, Kara A. Yeung, Mina Ghobrial
article en
1 citations

Abstract

Diphenhydramine is a first-generation antihistamine with various pharmacologic effects including sodium channel blockade. Electrocardiographic findings often presents with QRS prolongation with a rightward axis. Left bundle branch block (LBBB) is a rare manifestation in this context. We present a case of a 35-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department after ingesting 100 tablets of diphenhydramine 25 mg (46 mg/kg) with alcohol to self-harm. She experienced two generalized tonic-clonic seizures en route to the hospital. Initial vital signs were: pulse of 105 bpm, blood pressure of 141/101 mmHg, oxygen saturation of 100 % by mask ventilation, and temperature of 95.9 °F. She was intubated for airway protection. Laboratory results revealed hypokalemia (2.3 mmol/L), elevated lactate (10.4 mmol/L), and serum ethanol concentration of 187 mg/dL. A whole blood diphenhydramine concentration, taken six hours post-presentation, was elevated at 7324.9 ng/mL (therapeutic levels: 25-112 ng/mL). An electrocardiogram showed sinus tachycardia, heart rate 116 beats/minute, PR interval of 54 ms, QRS duration of 152 ms, and new LBBB. The patient received 150 mEq of sodium bicarbonate and a repeat electrocardiogram demonstrated sinus tachycardia and resolution of LBBB. During her hospital course, she maintained normal sinus rhythm without conduction abnormalities. She was extubated the following day and transferred to a psychiatric unit two days later. Reversible LBBB can be observed due to various etiologies including sodium channel blockade. Our case demonstrates that patients who develop a new LBBB after diphenhydramine overdose can be treated with standard therapy, including sodium bicarbonate.

Toxicology ReportsVol. 14
Eisenhower Medical Center (US), UC San Diego Health System (US), VA San Diego Healthcare System (US), Washington Poison Center (US)
Openalex Percentile: Top 20%
Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
1.39
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