Left bundle branch block morphology on electrocardiogram after massive diphenhydramine overdose
Diphenhydramine is a first-generation antihistamine with various pharmacologic effects including sodium channel blockade. Electrocardiographic findings often presents with QRS prolongation with a rightward axis. Left bundle branch block (LBBB) is a rare manifestation in this context. We present a case of a 35-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department after ingesting 100 tablets of diphenhydramine 25 mg (46 mg/kg) with alcohol to self-harm. She experienced two generalized tonic-clonic seizures en route to the hospital. Initial vital signs were: pulse of 105 bpm, blood pressure of 141/101 mmHg, oxygen saturation of 100 % by mask ventilation, and temperature of 95.9 °F. She was intubated for airway protection. Laboratory results revealed hypokalemia (2.3 mmol/L), elevated lactate (10.4 mmol/L), and serum ethanol concentration of 187 mg/dL. A whole blood diphenhydramine concentration, taken six hours post-presentation, was elevated at 7324.9 ng/mL (therapeutic levels: 25-112 ng/mL). An electrocardiogram showed sinus tachycardia, heart rate 116 beats/minute, PR interval of 54 ms, QRS duration of 152 ms, and new LBBB. The patient received 150 mEq of sodium bicarbonate and a repeat electrocardiogram demonstrated sinus tachycardia and resolution of LBBB. During her hospital course, she maintained normal sinus rhythm without conduction abnormalities. She was extubated the following day and transferred to a psychiatric unit two days later. Reversible LBBB can be observed due to various etiologies including sodium channel blockade. Our case demonstrates that patients who develop a new LBBB after diphenhydramine overdose can be treated with standard therapy, including sodium bicarbonate.
Authors
- Riku Moriguchi
- Martín Krause (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6264-0674)
- Jeremy Hardin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8802-0920)
- Henrik Galust (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4097-2050)
- Richard F. Clark (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9350-7526)
- Justin Seltzer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1628-5878)
- Kara A. Yeung (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4457-4121)
- Mina Ghobrial (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3174-653X)
Institutions
- Eisenhower Medical Center (US)
- UC San Diego Health System (US)
- VA San Diego Healthcare System (US)
- Washington Poison Center (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Toxicology Reports
- Published
- 2025-04-22
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.102029
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 1.39