Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Social Skills Training for Students with Autism and Social Difficulties Observed Through Behavior and Brain Waves

This study explored the effectiveness of VR-based social skills training for students with autism and typically developing students with social difficulties. Six autistic students and five typically developing students from upper elementary grades participated in the study. Participants were recruited based on their willingness to participate, ability to follow instructions, and absence of other significant learning or behavioral disorders. Five VR modules were developed, covering scenarios like classrooms, ticket booths, exhibitions, restaurants, and parks. These modules incorporated foundational social settings and more complex scenarios to enhance emotional regulation and adaptive responses, aligned with the 12-year Basic Education Curriculum Guidelines. The intervention took place from May to July 2023, with participants attending six 30–40 min VR sessions once or twice a week. Various assessment tools measured the impact, focusing on social responses, emotion recognition, and reactions to unexpected situations. Results indicated consistent improvements in conversation speed, expression effectiveness, and environmental adaptation. Social Skills Behavior Checklist scores showed significant differences between pre- and post-tests, while EEG data revealed enhanced empathetic responses among autistic students. Typically, developing students shifted from independent problem-solving to seeking social support. This study highlights the potential of VR as an effective tool for social skills development in both groups.