ESTIMATION OF VITAMIN D, HBA1C, AND LIPOPROTEIN LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY”

Introduction: Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a global health burden with increasing prevalence and associated complications. Emerging evidence highlights the role of Vitamin D in glycaemic control and lipid metabolism. Objective: To estimate and analyse the levels of Vitamin D, HbA1C, and lipoproteins in T2DM patients and evaluate their interrelationship. Methods: A case-control study was conducted from April 2023 to September 2024 involving 100 participants (50 T2DM patients and 50 healthy controls). Vitamin D, HbA1C, lipid profile, and ApoB levels were measured using ELISA, HPLC, nephelometry, and automated analysers. Statistical correlations among the biomarkers were evaluated. Results: T2DM patients showed significantly lower Vitamin D levels and elevated HbA1C and ApoB levels compared to controls. A negative correlation was observed between Vitamin D and HbA1C, and between Vitamin D and ApoB levels, indicating possible interdependence in metabolic regulation. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency may contribute to poor glycaemic control and dyslipidaemia in T2DM. Monitoring Vitamin D alongside HbA1C and lipid profile can help in comprehensive diabetes management.