Chemical Constituents and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of the Leaves of Embelia parviflora—In Vitro and In Silico Studies

Phytochemical investigation of the methanol extract of <i>Embelia parviflora</i> Wall. Ex A. DC. leaves (Primulaceae family) led to the isolation of sixteen compounds including three sterols (<b>1</b>-<b>3</b>), one triterpene (<b>4</b>), four flavonoids (<b>5</b>-<b>8</b>), four megastigmanes (<b>9</b>-<b>12</b>), three phenolic compounds (<b>13</b>-<b>15</b>), and one furan derivative (<b>16</b>). Their chemical structures were determined based on ESI-MS and NMR spectral data. This is the first chemical study of <i>E. parviflora</i>. Compounds <b>3</b>, <b>8</b>-<b>13</b>, and <b>16</b> were found in the <i>Embelia</i> genus for the first time. Compounds <b>9</b>-<b>11</b>, <b>13</b>, and <b>16</b> represent the first isolation from the Primulaceae family. In the <i>α</i>-glucosidase activity assay, MeOH extract, compounds <b>4</b> and <b>5</b> strongly inhibited enzyme <i>α</i>-glucosidase activity. A molecular docking study revealed that compounds <b>4</b> and <b>5</b> showed different interactions with enzyme <i>α</i>-glucosidase.