Advancing Brain Tumor Analysis: Current Trends, Key Challenges, and Perspectives in Deep Learning-Based Brain MRI Tumor Diagnosis

Brain tumors pose a significant challenge in medical research due to their associated morbidity and mortality. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the premier imaging technique for analyzing these tumors without invasive procedures. Recent years have witnessed remarkable progress in brain tumor detection, classification, and progression analysis using MRI data, largely fueled by advancements in deep learning (DL) models and the growing availability of comprehensive datasets. This article investigates the cutting-edge DL models applied to MRI data for brain tumor diagnosis and prognosis. The study also analyzes experimental results from the past two decades along with technical challenges encountered. The developed datasets for diagnosis and prognosis, efforts behind the regulatory framework, inconsistencies in benchmarking, and clinical translation are also highlighted. Finally, this article identifies long-term research trends and several promising avenues for future research in this critical area.