Machine Learning-Driven Hybrid Adaptive Beamforming for Efficient Interference Mitigation in Dense Wireless Sensor Networks

The Adaptive Beamforming Algorithm (ABA) represents a promising approach to suppress interference in dense wireless sensor networks (WSNs), enhancing signal fidelity and network throughput. In dense WSNs, the proximity of sensor nodes leads to high interference levels, which degrade energy efficiency and communication reliability. This is exacerbated by static beamforming methods that oversimplify time and frequency utilization. This work proposes a set of adaptive beamforming solutions, including digital, machine learning (ML)-empowered, and hybrid beamforming approaches. The Adaptive Array Signal Processing (AASP) method introduces real-time interference analysis with null steering to suppress unwanted signals and maximize the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). Hybrid beamforming, combining analog and digital domains, balances computational cost with performance. Additionally, a deep learning-based beam steering module dynamically adjusts beam patterns based on interference forecasts. Extensive simulations demonstrate the proposed methods' superiority over conventional beamforming, achieving significant SINR improvement, enhanced network throughput, and improved energy efficiency. In ultra-dense environments, the results indicate a 10-fold reduction in interference power alongside better scalability. Proactive interference mitigation using ML models further ensures adaptability to varying network conditions. These techniques establish a baseline for deploying adaptive beamformers in dense WSNs, addressing scalability and real-time computational challenges. They also pave the way for implementing advanced 5G/6G-capable sensor systems, enabling resilient communication in high-interference environments. Key-words: signal to interference plus noise ratio(SINR), adaptive beamforming, interference mitigation, hybrid beamforming, null steering, beam steering, computational efficiency.