Pipeline Anomaly Detection Based on KPCA and Cosine Distance Prototypical Network

Accurately and promptly detecting the pipeline anomaly is crucial to the safe operation of pipeline systems, while a difficulty lies in that many existing methods require massive data for training models. However, pipelines are running under normal state for the most of the time, and labeled pipeline anomaly data is usually scarce. Among the commonly used sensors, vibration sensors are widely utilized in pipeline detection because of their advantages such as easy installation and high sensitivity. However, the vibration signal shows non-stationary characteristics when anomalies occur, and are contaminated by noises, making it difficult to represent the actual state with features extracted from either the time or frequency domain. Accordingly, this paper proposes a pipeline anomaly detection method based on the KPCA (kernel principal component analysis) and cosine distance prototypical network. First, features are extracted from original signals; then, the feature dimension is reduced by KPCA; last, the cosine distance is introduced to the prototypical network for anomaly detection. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by case studies involving experimental data.