The effect of pre-sowing treatment of durum wheat seeds with new biofertilizers on reducing the level of heavy metals in the soil and increasing its productivity

The conducted experiment provides grounds for determining the ways of preserving and restoring the fertility of southern chernozem, the decrease of which is observed as a result of pollution with residues of heavy metals (slags) from the use of introduced nutrients. Treatment of durum wheat seeds with new biofertilizers in the context of the root mass of the crop can create prerequisites for the utilization of residues of mineral fertilizers in the soil. Varieties of winter and spring durum wheat were established, which were treated with biofertilizers Blago+ and Gumi 20 before sowing, the calculated amount of mineral fertilizers. The experiment was carried out in 2018-2023 in the Eliseev A.N. peasant farm, located in the chernozem zone of the southern Lower Volga region. The subject of the study were durum wheat varieties: spring - Krasnokutka 13, Donskaya Elegiya and winter - Agat Donskoy and Aksinit. The yield levels were set - 2.0; 4.0 and 6.0 t / ha. Experience has shown that pre-sowing treatment of durum wheat with biofertilizers on the agro-background of application of mineral nutrition for the planned yield had a positive effect on the dynamics of the utilization of heavy metals that were in the soil after the use of nutrients. The minimum values ??of all types of heavy metals were noted in the winter wheat variety Aksinit: copper - 9.2; zinc - 9.8; lead - 5.9; nickel - 8.7 and cadmium - 0.18 mg / kg of soil. The highest amount of heavy metals was noted in the spring wheat variety Krasnokutka 13 on the N221H87R135 + Blago variant: copper - 10.5; zinc - 11.0; lead - 7.4; nickel - 9.9 and cadmium - 00.191 mg / kg of soil. Accordingly, the yield was 3.19 and 5.28 t / ha. The maximum yield was noted on the same variety, on the variant Gumi 20 + N147P55K90.