MORPHOLOGY AND YIELD OF THE ORIGINAL PARENT FORMS AND HYBRID MATERIAL OF TABLE CARROTS

One of the most important directions in plant breeding is the selection of the source material according to economically valuable characteristics and the creation of F1 hybrids that will combine high yields, alignment in shape and size of root crops suitable for mechanized harvesting. Knowing of the patterns of ecological variability and inheritance when creating hybrids, the breeder must have a theoretical model indicating morphobiological characteristics. The purpose of this work is to study the economically valuable indicators of the source material of the Berlicum / Nantes garden carrot variety type and how these factors are inherited when creating new domestic F1 hybrids. The research was conducted in 2021–2023. Sowing of carrot seeds was carried out at the experimental base of the All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Crop Production – Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific and Scientific Institution (Moscow region, Ramenskoye district) on alluvial meadow medium loamy soil. Phenotypic selections were carried out according to the guidelines for breeding and seed production. As a result of the research, genetic sources of carrots were identified: maternal forms 690P, 661P, 535P, 1238P and pollinators Sur 1, Tai, Xin, 753. These cultivars were characterized by a compact leaf plate with a length of 46.1 cm, a semi-long root crop with a length of 18.0 cm, a core-to-pulp ratio 30.0 %. The correlation coefficient of the proportion of the core to the number of leaves was r = 0.9 for maternal forms, r = 0.8 for pollinators, which is considered as a very high value. The yield of these forms was 6.5 kg/m2, the marketability was 70.0 %. Based on the selected genetic sources of maternal and paternal forms, 11 varietal hybrids were obtained. When analyzing morphobiological features, 5 promising hybrid combinations were selected: 661P?Sur 1, 1238P?Tai, 690P?Xin, 661P?Tai, and 535P?753. These cultivars were characterized by high yield (7.5 kg/m2) marketability (85.0 %), root weight from 113.0 to 125.0 g.