Socioeconomic dynamics of street vendors in a globalized urban context: A case study of Bihar

Street vending constitutes a vital component of the informal economy, offering essential goods and services to urban populations while serving as a significant source of livelihood for millions. In the context of globalization and rapid urbanization, street vendors navigate a complex and often contradictory urban landscape—caught between opportunity and marginalization. This study explores the socioeconomic dynamics of street vendors in urban Bihar, a region that exemplifies the challenges and adaptations of informal workers in a globalized era. Through a mixed-methods approach combining field surveys, interviews, and policy analysis, the study investigates the daily realities, economic conditions, spatial struggles, and social networks of street vendors operating in major urban centers of Bihar, such as Patna and Gaya. The research highlights how global economic trends and urban development policies intersect with local governance, affecting vendors’ access to public space, financial security, and legal recognition. Findings reveal that while globalization has created new consumer markets and increased demand for urban services, it has also intensified exclusionary practices and spatial displacement. Despite this, street vendors demonstrate resilience through adaptive strategies, collective bargaining, and informal support networks. The study concludes by recommending inclusive urban policies that recognize the contributions of street vendors and promote their integration into city planning frameworks. This case study offers broader insights into the informal sector’s role in shaping equitable and sustainable urban development in the Global South.