SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF TOWER CRANE ACCIDENTS AND INNOVATIVE METHODS OF THEIR PREVENTION

This article presents a comprehensive investigation into the causes of tower crane accidents, a critical concern considering their vital role in modern high-rise construction and the associated high risks. The analysis encompasses technical, organizational, and environmental factors that compromise crane stability. These include inherent design vulnerabilities (a high center of gravity coupled with a limited support base), dynamic external loads such as wind and seismic events, and the pervasive influence of human error across all stages of a crane's operational life.The study reveals that accidents involving tower crane overturning or structural collapse, often precipitated by hard-to-detect fatigue cracks, represent up to 40% of all lifting crane incidents. Such failures pose substantial threats not only to on-site personnel but also to adjacent structures and the general public. The growing density of urban construction, coupled with challenges like fluctuating operational conditions and inadequate operator training, amplifies these inherent risks. A global increase in tower crane utilization is unfortunately accompanied by a corresponding rise in accident frequency, highlighting deficiencies in current safety protocols, even on technologically advanced "smart" building sites.The research underscores the imperative for proactive, holistic risk management and enhanced safety systems. It places particular emphasis on harnessing cutting-edge technologies, most notably artificial intelligence and neural networks, to create automated monitoring and control mechanisms. These systems are designed to bolster crane stability under unpredictable and dynamic loading, and facilitate the early detection of structural weaknesses. The proposed approach uses sensors and machine learning algorithms for real-time data analysis and predictive control, representing a significant advancement over conventional, often reactive, safety methodologies. The findings offer practical benefits for minimizing construction accidents, improving the operational reliability of tower cranes in demanding environments, and promoting higher global standards of construction safety.