The application of metformin in the treatment of diabetes

In recent years, the prevalence of diabetes (TDM) has increased. Metformin, a quintessential hypoglycemic agent, exhibits substantial hypoglycemia effects and possesses various clinical applications. This article reviews the application of metformin in the treatment of diabetes, analyzing its mechanism of action, clinical efficacy, and safety. Studies have found that metformin performs outstandingly in the intervention of pre-diabetes, cardiovascular protection, and weight management, and the combined treatment effects are significant. Its safety and cost-effectiveness make it an irreplaceable position in the treatment of diabetes. Frequent adverse effects of metformin encompass gastrointestinal distress and vitamin B12 deficiency resulting from prolonged usage. The future development of metformin will focus on precision and long-acting effects, optimizing treatment outcomes through targeted and sustained-release technologies, while meeting individual medication needs.