Cyanobacterial Biofertilizers: Innovative Approaches to Improving Soil Health and Agricultural Sustainability

Cyanobacteria, photosynthetic prokaryotes, have gained attention as a promising bio -based method for enhancing soil fertility and sustainable agriculture. This review examines trends in utilizing Cyanobacteria to boost soil fertility, emphasizing innovations and future directions. Cyanobacteria perform nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, produce plant growth promoters, and improve soil structure. Progress in microbial biotechnology and soil ecology has expanded our understanding of Cyanobacteria's role in soil fertility. Innovative strategies, including engineered strains and consortia -based biofertilizers, are widening their agricultural applications. A mixed -methods approach assessed Cyanobacterial biofertilizers through field experiments and laboratory analyses. Treatments with Anabaena variabilis and Nostoc muscorum showed improvements in soil nutrients, plant growth, and microbial activity compared to control and chemically fertilized soils. These results demonstrate Cyanobacteria's potential as effective biofertilizers, offering a sustainable alternative to synthetic inputs. Future research should focus on validating these biofertilizers at larger scales, enhancing strain traits, and developing consortia -based solutions for specific crops and soils. This study offers insights into Cyanobacteria's potential in sustainable soil management for food security challenges.