Molecular Aspects of Cartilage Microfracturation: Rehabilitation Insights.

Cartilage microfracturation is a surgical technique specifically designed to address chondral defects, which are injuries to the cartilage that covers the ends of bones in joints. These defects can result from traumatic injuries, degenerative conditions such as osteoarthritis, or congenital abnormalities. The primary objective of microfracture surgery is to promote the regeneration of functional cartilage tissue, thereby restoring joint function, alleviating pain, and enhancing mobility. The procedure involves creating small, controlled perforations, or microfractures, in the subchondral bone plate beneath the damaged cartilage. This process, performed with precision to minimize damage to surrounding healthy tissue, penetrates the subchondral bone to reach the bone marrow, which is rich in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).