Second Malignant Neoplasms in Long-term Retinoblastoma Survivors: Retrospective Cohort Study of 491 Patients in Turkey

In this study, overall survival (OS) was lower in patients with bilateral retinoblastoma compared with unilateral cases, and similarly reduced in patients who received radiotherapy compared with those who did not. In addition, the development of second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) was significantly higher in hereditary retinoblastoma patients than in non-hereditary cases. These findings highlight the importance of careful long-term monitoring and tailored follow-up strategies in patients at increased risk.