Age-related mesenchymal stromal cell senescence is associated with progression from MGUS to multiple myeloma
The risk of progression of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) to multiple myeloma (MM) increases with advancing age, suggesting that progression may be influenced by age-related changes within the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. We hypothesise that senescent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which accumulate in the BM with age, may contribute to MGUS progression to MM. Here, we show that, like BM MSCs from aged non-cancer controls, BM MSCs from both MM and MGUS patients exhibit a senescent phenotype characterised by enlarged, flattened morphology, increased β-galactosidase activity and CDKN2A expression, and decreased proliferation rate compared with BM MSCs from healthy young individuals. While coculture with BM MSCs suppresses the proliferative capacity of MM cell lines in vitro, induction of senescence via irradiation or replicative exhaustion in healthy MSCs relieves this suppression, compared with non-senescent MSCs. This may, in part, be attributable to upregulated expression of the BMP antagonist Gremlin1 in senescent MSCs, which facillitates MM cell proliferation. Notably, the risk of progression to MM was significantly elevated in MGUS patients with increased MSC senescence. Collectively, our data provide evidence that age-related accumulation of senescent MSCs may be a driver of MGUS to MM progression.
Authors
- Vasilios Panagopoulos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6879-1262)
- Andrew C.W. Zannettino (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6646-6167)
- Melissa Cantley (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-0928)
- Cindy Lee (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1893-961X)
- Peter I. Croucher (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7102-2413)
- Sheila A. Stewart (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2260-9576)
- Krzysztof M. Mrozik (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-8208)
- Angelina Yong
- Kimberley C. Clark (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6277-8297)
- Dimitrios Cakouros
- Noemi Horvath (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9600-1275)
- D. Hewett (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6010-1116)
- Kate Vandyke (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1033-849X)
- Stan Gronthos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6225-3084)
- Natalya Plakhova (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6365-9713)
- Laura J. Trainor (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2183-3963)
- J. Gardiner
Institutions
- Royal Adelaide Hospital (AU)
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research (AU)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (AU)
- The University of Adelaide (AU)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Leukemia
- Published
- 2025-04-22
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-025-02621-7
- Citations
- 5
- Primary Topic
- Multiple Myeloma Research and Treatments
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 8.85
Funders
- Foundation for Barnes-Jewish Hospital
- Ernest Heine Family Foundation
- Hospital Research Foundation
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute
- Government of South Australia
- Cancer Australia
- University of Adelaide
- Royal Adelaide Hospital
- National Institutes of Health
- Medical Research Council
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- Cancer Council South Australia
- National Cancer Institute