Review on Adverse Drug Reaction

ADVERSE drug reactions (ADRs) continue to pose a challenge in contemporary healthcare, especially due to the growing complexity of treatments, an older population, and an increase in multimorbidity. This article outlines several key details regarding ADRs and examines elements associated with their prevention, diagnosis, reporting, and management to assess the occurrence of fatal adverse drug reactions (FADRs) within a population. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) pose a significant public health issue, serving as a leading cause of illness and death. Nonetheless, multiple countries lack recent studies. Since 2014, a forward-looking active pharmacovigilance initiative, designed to enhance ADRs monitoring in hospital units (FORWARD), has been conducted in Sicily. Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) pose a major issue in clinical practice, impacting patient safety and the results of treatment. This review examines different kinds of ADRs, highlighting the significance of a precise medication history in detecting possible reactions. We examine the materials and techniques employed for ADR detection and provide examples to demonstrate the clinical significance of these reactions. The document emphasizes the essential elements of ADR reporting, such as evaluating severity, preventability, and causation, offering an in-depth insight into how these aspects affect clinical management. Moreover, we investigate methods to improve medication safety, which includes enhancing ADR. This research, as part of the FORWARD project, aimed to outline ADRs that occurred during the hospitalization in Internal Medicine departments. ADRs connected to hospital admissions, their characteristics, and the possibility of prevention were also assessed. In this review, we cover the categories of ADRs, medication history, materials and methods, examples of ADRs, the reporting process for ADRs, their severity, preventability, and causation, as well as strategies to improve medication safety.