Reduced composite dietary antioxidant index increases the risk of Parkinson’s disease and all-cause mortality in Parkinson’s disease patients: evidence from the NHANES database

CDAI reduction is an independent risk factor for both PD risk in the general population and all-cause mortality in PD patients, with amplified predictive power in older adults, smokers, and hypertensive individuals. Our findings support developing personalized antioxidant-enhancing nutritional interventions for both high-risk populations with suboptimal CDAI and established PD patients.