Phytochemical and pharmacological profiling of Balanites aegyptiaca linn.: Exploring the therapeutic potential of a traditional medicinal plant

• A detailed exploration of the traditional uses of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. ( B. aegyptiaca ) in different cultures and regions. • An analysis of the phytochemical compounds present in Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. ( B. aegyptiaca ) and their potential medicinal properties. • A review of recent scientific studies on the pharmacological effects of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. ( B. aegyptiaca ), including its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. • An examination of the potential therapeutic applications of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. ( B. aegyptiaca ) in treating various diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disorders. • The potential side effects or contraindications associated with the use of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. ( B. aegyptiaca ) as a medicinal plant. Numerous tree species that are underutilized can be used as food, fodder, and potentially medicinal substances. Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. ( B. aegyptiaca ) (family Zygophyllaceae) is an evergreen xerophyte with ample beneficial attribute. It is effective to cure several diseases include malaria, epilepsy, constipation, intestinal worm infection, syphilis, asthma, jaundice, haemorrhoid, stomach aches, asthma, diarrhoea, dysentery, and wound healings. It also has contraceptive antifeedant, anti-carcinogenic, molluscicidal, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-helminthic, antioxidant, immune-stimulant, antioxidant, antiviral and antidiabetic activities. Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. ( B. aegyptiaca ) possesses various active compounds like lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, organic acids, alkaloids, saponins and flavonoids that mainly responsible for its pharmaceutical activities. In conclusion, the diverse pharmacological activities of this plant make it a valuable resource for developing new herbal remedies and pharmaceutical products. This review reveals bioactive compounds, medicinal uses, pharmacological significance, and toxicological effects of various parts of Balanites aegyptiaca.