Assessment of a patient safety culture: a nationwide cross-sectional study comparing public and private hospitals in Kuwait

In this first national study to assess patient safety culture in public and private hospitals in Kuwait, many areas of safety culture had improved. However, some areas require special attention, although causality cannot be inferred, which is a limitation of the study's design. A comparison between the two sectors revealed differences in the patient safety culture, which might be relevant to the guidelines governing them. Policymakers should set unified guidelines governing staffing in both sectors and devise intervention strategies to develop a culture that establishes learning from adverse events and supports patient safety, incorporating a just culture and whistle-blower protection. In academia, Kuwait University should incorporate patient safety and quality-of-care topics into its curricula.