Weighted 2D-kernel density estimations provide a new probabilistic measure for epigenetic age
Epigenetic aging signatures provide insights into human aging, but traditional clocks rely on linear regression of DNA methylation levels, assuming linear trajectories. This study explores a non-parametric approach using 2D-kernel density estimation to determine epigenetic age. Our weighted model achieves similar predictive accuracy as conventional clocks and provides a variation score reflecting the inherent variability of age-related epigenetic changes within samples. This score is significantly increased in various diseases and associated with mortality risk in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1921. Thus, weighted 2D-kernel density estimation facilitates accurate epigenetic age predictions and offers an additional variable for biological age estimation.
Authors
- Juan-Felipe Perez-Correa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3861-2146)
- Wolfgang Wagner (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1971-3217)
- Thomas Stiehl (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9686-9197)
- Ivan G. Costa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2890-8697)
- Riccardo E. Marioni (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4430-4260)
- Simon R. Cox (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4036-3642)
- Janie Corley (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7551-1871)
Institutions
- NHS Lothian (GB)
- Edinburgh Cancer Research (GB)
- Universitätsklinikum Aachen (DE)
- RWTH Aachen University (DE)
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Genome biology
- Published
- 2025-04-22
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-025-03562-1
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.81
Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Scottish Government
- Alzheimer's Society
- Royal Society
- Age UK
- University of Edinburgh
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- University of Queensland
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology
- Directorate for Biological Sciences
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
- Economic and Social Research Council