RISK ANALYSIS AND PERSONNEL ACTIONS ON OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS PLATFORMS IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

The article analyzes the risks of emergencies on offshore oil and gas platforms and examines personnel actions in such situations. Emphasis is placed on Arctic offshore operations, where extreme climate, prolonged polar night, heavy ice conditions, and remote infrastructure complicate safety. These facilities have a high fire and explosion hazard, as evidenced by tragedies like the Piper Alpha platform disaster (1988) that caused heavy casualties. Ensuring fire safety in Arctic field development is of strategic importance to national energy security.In the study, key hazards for offshore platforms are identified, and a quantitative risk assessment is carried out based on statistical data on accident frequency and potential damage. The analysis calculates the probabilities of various accident scenarios and their potential damage to yield integrated risk indices for each scenario (oil spill, structural damage, platform listing, helicopter crash, etc.). For example, a major oil spill scenario showed the highest risk among those considered, indicating the critical nature of this threat and the need for special preventive measures. The traditional approach assuming independent accident events can overestimate the overall risk. Therefore, a comprehensive approach is proposed that accounts for possible interrelations between hazardous factors and their combined influence on accident progression.Particular attention is given to semi-submersible drilling rigs, a common type of offshore platform. Risk mitigation measures are proposed: continuous monitoring of technical systems, modern fire suppression systems, and regular emergency response training for personnel. The article details the sequence of actions for platform personnel and management during an accident: immediate notification, evacuation procedures, coordination with rescue services, and containment of consequences. In addition, the creation of specialized emergency response units (firefighting, well control, technical teams) with clearly defined functions is proposed to ensure a coordinated response. The key conclusion is that integrated risk management and enhanced personnel preparedness can significantly reduce accident consequences and improve overall operational safety.