Pharmaceutical Contamination by Biofilms Formed of the Burkholderia cepacia Complex: Public Health Risks

Biofilms formation by the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) poses a considerable risk to hospital environments, particularly for immunocompromised individuals. These bacteria exhibit notable resistance to disinfectants and antibiotics, mainly due to their ability to adhere to biotic and abiotic surfaces, forming highly persistent biofilms, contamination, and pharmaceutical solutions. These microbial structures function as protective shields, impeding the effective action of antimicrobial compounds and facilitating the occurrence of chronic infections and outbreaks in healthcare settings. The high genetic plasticity of the Bcc, evidenced by the presence of multiple chromosomes and the ease of horizontal gene transfer, further enhances its capacity for adaptation and treatment resistance. Moreover, the ability of the Bcc to survive in aquatic environments and withstand unfavorable conditions heightens concerns regarding the contamination of pharmaceutical products. This study examines the molecular mechanisms underlying Bcc biofilm formation, its impact on hospital infections, and the challenges associated with its eradication. It also discusses the current detection techniques available and innovative approaches to mitigating contamination in pharmaceutical products. In summary, a thorough understanding of the mechanisms underlying Bcc biofilm formation and maintenance is crucial for implementing more effective preventive measures and minimizing the risks associated with hospital infections.