Daily modulations and broadband strategy in axion searches: An application with the CAST-CAPP detector

It has been previously advocated that the presence of the daily and annual modulations of the axion flux on the Earth’s surface may dramatically change the strategy of the axion searches. The arguments were based on the so-called Axion Quark Nugget (AQN) dark matter model which was originally put forward to explain the similarity of the dark and visible cosmological matter densities <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <a:mrow> <a:msub> <a:mrow> <a:mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</a:mi> </a:mrow> <a:mrow> <a:mi>dark</a:mi> </a:mrow> </a:msub> <a:mo>∼</a:mo> <a:msub> <a:mrow> <a:mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</a:mi> </a:mrow> <a:mrow> <a:mtext>visible</a:mtext> </a:mrow> </a:msub> </a:mrow> </a:math> . In this framework, the population of galactic axions with mass <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <e:mrow> <e:msup> <e:mrow> <e:mn>10</e:mn> </e:mrow> <e:mrow> <e:mo>−</e:mo> <e:mn>6</e:mn> </e:mrow> </e:msup> <e:mtext> </e:mtext> <e:mtext> </e:mtext> <e:mi>eV</e:mi> <e:mo>≲</e:mo> <e:msub> <e:mrow> <e:mi>m</e:mi> </e:mrow> <e:mrow> <e:mi>a</e:mi> </e:mrow> </e:msub> <e:mo>≲</e:mo> <e:msup> <e:mrow> <e:mn>10</e:mn> </e:mrow> <e:mrow> <e:mo>−</e:mo> <e:mn>3</e:mn> </e:mrow> </e:msup> <e:mtext> </e:mtext> <e:mtext> </e:mtext> <e:mi>eV</e:mi> </e:mrow> </e:math> and velocity <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <g:mo stretchy="false">⟨</g:mo> <g:msub> <g:mi>v</g:mi> <g:mi>a</g:mi> </g:msub> <g:mo stretchy="false">⟩</g:mo> <g:mo>∼</g:mo> <g:msup> <g:mn>10</g:mn> <g:mrow> <g:mo>−</g:mo> <g:mn>3</g:mn> </g:mrow> </g:msup> <g:mi>c</g:mi> </g:math> will be accompanied by axions with typical velocities <k:math xmlns:k="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <k:mo stretchy="false">⟨</k:mo> <k:msub> <k:mi>v</k:mi> <k:mi>a</k:mi> </k:msub> <k:mo stretchy="false">⟩</k:mo> <k:mo>∼</k:mo> <k:mn>0.6</k:mn> <k:mi>c</k:mi> </k:math> emitted by AQNs. Furthermore, in this framework, it has also been argued that the AQN-induced axion daily modulation (in contrast with the conventional weakly interactive massive particle paradigm) could be as large as (10–20)%, representing the main motivation for the present investigation. We argue that the daily modulations along with the broadband detection strategy can be very useful tools for the discovery of such relativistic axions. The data from the CAST-CAPP detector have been used following such arguments. Unfortunately, due to the dependence of the amplifier chain on temperature-dependent gain drifts and other factors, we could not conclusively show the presence or absence of a dark sector-originated daily modulation. However, this proof of principle analysis procedure can serve as a reference for future studies.

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Journal
Physical review. D/Physical review. D.
Published
2025-04-22
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.082009
Citations
2
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Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
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article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
3.74

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article

Daily modulations and broadband strategy in axion searches: An application with the CAST-CAPP detector

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2 citations
Physical review. D/Physical review. D.
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article

Daily modulations and broadband strategy in axion searches: An application with the CAST-CAPP detector

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article en
2 citations

Abstract

It has been previously advocated that the presence of the daily and annual modulations of the axion flux on the Earth’s surface may dramatically change the strategy of the axion searches. The arguments were based on the so-called Axion Quark Nugget (AQN) dark matter model which was originally put forward to explain the similarity of the dark and visible cosmological matter densities <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <a:mrow> <a:msub> <a:mrow> <a:mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</a:mi> </a:mrow> <a:mrow> <a:mi>dark</a:mi> </a:mrow> </a:msub> <a:mo>∼</a:mo> <a:msub> <a:mrow> <a:mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</a:mi> </a:mrow> <a:mrow> <a:mtext>visible</a:mtext> </a:mrow> </a:msub> </a:mrow> </a:math> . In this framework, the population of galactic axions with mass <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <e:mrow> <e:msup> <e:mrow> <e:mn>10</e:mn> </e:mrow> <e:mrow> <e:mo>−</e:mo> <e:mn>6</e:mn> </e:mrow> </e:msup> <e:mtext> </e:mtext> <e:mtext> </e:mtext> <e:mi>eV</e:mi> <e:mo>≲</e:mo> <e:msub> <e:mrow> <e:mi>m</e:mi> </e:mrow> <e:mrow> <e:mi>a</e:mi> </e:mrow> </e:msub> <e:mo>≲</e:mo> <e:msup> <e:mrow> <e:mn>10</e:mn> </e:mrow> <e:mrow> <e:mo>−</e:mo> <e:mn>3</e:mn> </e:mrow> </e:msup> <e:mtext> </e:mtext> <e:mtext> </e:mtext> <e:mi>eV</e:mi> </e:mrow> </e:math> and velocity <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <g:mo stretchy="false">⟨</g:mo> <g:msub> <g:mi>v</g:mi> <g:mi>a</g:mi> </g:msub> <g:mo stretchy="false">⟩</g:mo> <g:mo>∼</g:mo> <g:msup> <g:mn>10</g:mn> <g:mrow> <g:mo>−</g:mo> <g:mn>3</g:mn> </g:mrow> </g:msup> <g:mi>c</g:mi> </g:math> will be accompanied by axions with typical velocities <k:math xmlns:k="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <k:mo stretchy="false">⟨</k:mo> <k:msub> <k:mi>v</k:mi> <k:mi>a</k:mi> </k:msub> <k:mo stretchy="false">⟩</k:mo> <k:mo>∼</k:mo> <k:mn>0.6</k:mn> <k:mi>c</k:mi> </k:math> emitted by AQNs. Furthermore, in this framework, it has also been argued that the AQN-induced axion daily modulation (in contrast with the conventional weakly interactive massive particle paradigm) could be as large as (10–20)%, representing the main motivation for the present investigation. We argue that the daily modulations along with the broadband detection strategy can be very useful tools for the discovery of such relativistic axions. The data from the CAST-CAPP detector have been used following such arguments. Unfortunately, due to the dependence of the amplifier chain on temperature-dependent gain drifts and other factors, we could not conclusively show the presence or absence of a dark sector-originated daily modulation. However, this proof of principle analysis procedure can serve as a reference for future studies.

Physical review. D/Physical review. D.Vol. 111(8)
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (US), University of Bonn (DE), University of British Columbia (CA), University of Trieste (IT), University of Rijeka (HR), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KR), Universität Hamburg (DE), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (IT), University of Patras (GR), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE), Universidad de Zaragoza (ES), Max Planck Institute for Physics (DE), Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (DE), Institute for Basic Science (KR), Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa (TR), Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (DE), Istinye University (TR), Ruđer Bošković Institute (HR), Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics (RO), Institut für Technische und Angewandte Physik (Germany) (DE), Boğaziçi University (TR), European Organization for Nuclear Research (CH), Friedrich Schiller University Jena (DE), Xi'an Jiaotong University (CN)
U.S. Department of Energy, CERN, European Cooperation in Science and Technology, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Institute for Basic Science, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, European Regional Development Fund, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, H2020 European Research Council
Openalex Percentile: Top 8%
Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
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