Development of Dynamic-Fluid Online Website (D-FLOW) based on cognitive conflict to reduce students’ misconceptions

The Dynamic-Fluid Online Website (D-FLOW) is developed to reduce students' misconceptions. The method used is Research & Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model. The study subjects consisted of 58 students (30 in the experimental and 28 in the control classes) selected through purposive sampling and physics lecturers and teachers as the website’s validators. Instruments included a website feasibility test and a four-tier diagnostic test as a pretest and a posttest. The findings indicate that D-FLOW is feasible and effective in reducing misconceptions, with an average decrease of 20.3%. The experimental class showed an N-Gain of 0.61 (medium category) and the control class 0.36 (medium category), while the effect size showed a value of 1.66 (large category). Overall, D-FLOW effectively reduces misconceptions. For future research, it is recommended to investigate the long-term impact and its application to a wider sample.