Parametric passive design strategy towards sustainable net-zero energy buildings in hot-dry climate zones of India

• Climate, and architecture were analysed to develop passive design strategy as a tool for net-zero goal. • Design elements were selected, and 3 representative simulation modules were identified. • Temperature and energy use were critically analysed to find synergetic design parameters. • Maximum reduction of 35 °C was achieved when ambient air temperature was 44 °C. • Maximum operation energy reduction of 60 % was achieved, annually and during peak cooling month. Buildings account for about 40 % of global energy consumption. The aim is to develop a strategy to implement net-zero energy systems by managing and improving passive design and lifestyle in buildings operation in Jaipur’s hot-dry climate. First, survey and analysis of climate and architecture informed the selection of appropriate passive design elements and materials. Unlike most hot-dry climates, India witnesses hot-dry season with high temperatures and low relative humidity as well as hot-humid sweltering summer when only ceiling fans and air-conditioners are effective. Next, a series of parametric simulations were conducted to find the complementary relationships and three representative modules were selected to find the critical design parameters under flexible ventilation modes. Ventilation modes are expected to be made possible by responsive lifestyles in operating doors and windows. The optimum combination of thermal mass, glazing, and insulation collects, stores, and conserves the coolness or warmness of ambient air. Synergetic passive design’s parametric combinations reduced annual and monthly energy consumption by 60 % and 59 %, respectively. Minimum indoor temperature of 35 °C was achieved when the outdoor ambient air temperature was 44 °C. The parametric strategy using simulation tools affords solutions for building design and operation and complements net-zero energy goals.