Ammonia as a Marine Fuel: Navigating the Tides of Decarbonization in the Maritime Industry

Abstract: The maritime industry is facing increasing pressure to decarbonize and reduce its reliance on fossil fuels. Ammonia, a carbon-free hydrogen carrier, has emerged as a promising alternative fuel for shipping. This review paper explores the potential of ammonia propulsion in ships, examining various technological approaches for its utilization, including internal combustion engines, fuel cells, and hybrid systems. It delves into the challenges associated with ammonia's adoption, such as toxicity, NOx emissions, infrastructure development, and regulatory frameworks. Finally, the future prospects of ammonia propulsion and highlight areas for further research and development is highlighted. Keywords Ammonia, Marine fuel, Maritime decarbonization, Green ammonia, Maritime emissions, Alternative fuels, IMO regulations, NOx emissions, Ammonia combustion, Shipping sustainability