PARENTERAL NUTRITION IN NEONATAL CARE: INFLUENCES OF THE TIME OF INITIATION ON THE GROWTH AND CLINICAL COMPLICATIONS

Objective: To evaluate the effects of early or late initiation of parenteral nutrition (PN) in neonates, considering metabolic markers, oxidative stress, growth and complications, through a literature review.Methodology: A literature review based on the PVO strategy, using the keywords "Term Neonates", "Late Preterm Infants", "Neonates" and "Parenteral Nutrition".The search was carried out in the PubMed database, resulting in the selection of 29 articles for analysis.Results: The findings highlight the importance of PN in the nutritional support of preterm neonates, ensuring energy supply when enteral nutrition is not feasible.However, its administration is associated with clinical challenges, including the risk of metabolic and infectious complications, as well as the need to adjust nutritional composition to avoid deficiencies and metabolic overload.Early introduction of NP can prevent malnutrition, but without proper monitoring, it can lead to adverse effects, such as hyperglycemia and liver dysfunction.The review highlights the need for evidence-based guidelines to optimize the safety and efficacy of PN in neonates.Conclusion: PN is an essential strategy for the nutritional support of preterm neonates, reducing the risks of malnutrition and compromising growth and the immune system.However, its prolonged use can lead to complications such as cholestasis, hepatic steatosis and micronutrient deficiencies.Therefore, the decision on its introduction and maintenance should be a careful one, based on an individualized assessment of the patient.Future studies are needed to determine the ideal composition and the most appropriate time to start NP, as well as the formulation of guidelines to standardize its clinical application.