Air pollution, neurodegenerative diseases, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, environmental exposure.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between exposure to air pollution and the development of neurodegenerative diseases and other neurological conditions, based on recent scientific evidence.Methodology: Bibliographic review based on the analysis of articles indexed in electronic databases.The search terms included "air pollution", "neurodegenerative diseases", "neuroinflammation" and their combinations.Twenty-five studies were selected for detailed analysis.Discussion: Evidence indicates that prolonged exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO) and ultrafine particles can trigger neuroinflammatory processes, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, increasing the risk of diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and multiple sclerosis.Studies suggest that nanoparticles can cross the blood-brain barrier, favoring the deposition of neurotoxic proteins and contributing to neurodegeneration.In addition, the impact of air pollution also extends to other neurological conditions, including stroke, neurodevelopmental disorders and depression.Genetic and socioeconomic factors influence vulnerability to the effects of pollution, making higher risk populations more susceptible to neurological impairment.Final considerations: Air pollution is a significant risk factor for neurological diseases, requiring preventive measures and effective public policies to reduce exposure to pollutants.Future research should further identify biomarkers of susceptibility and explore interventions that minimize the neurotoxic effects of pollution on the nervous system.