Ultrasound-Assisted Synthesis of Quinazolinones: Current Trends and Future Prospects

The diverse range of pharmacological actions exhibited by quinazolinone derivatives has garnered considerable interest; these compounds are members of a significant class of nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Some of these effects include the ability to prevent seizures, fight cancer, and eliminate germs and fungi. Developing processes that are more effective while reducing environmental harm is necessary because the current method of quinazolinone production typically uses harsh conditions, long reaction times, and chemicals that are harmful to the environment. Another method that might be considered is ultrasound-assisted synthesis (UAS), which could decrease solvent and energy consumption while increasing product yield and selectivity. Presenting a synopsis of current developments in solvent-free quinazolinone methods is the overarching goal of this study. Essential reaction routes, catalyst design, and solvent-free procedures are the primary areas of investigation. The possibility of ultrasonic cavitation improving mass transfer, bond activation, and reaction efficiency is thoroughly investigated. Also, we look at the potential integration of ultrasonic with other green methods like microwave-assisted synthesis and continuous-flow chemistry to maximize reaction efficiency.