Design and hydrodynamic performance of low head propeller hydro turbine for wide range high efficiency operation

The primary aim of this investigation is to examine the design and hydrodynamic efficiency of a low head propeller hydro turbine tailored for efficient functionality within a diverse range of water head conditions, ranging from 3 to 11 m By employing sophisticated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and meticulous experimentation, the study endeavors to enhance the design parameters of the propeller hydro turbine to ensure peak efficiency and dependability. This investigation thoroughly examines various design factors, including the runner blade's angle, and the guide vane's angle, aiming to identify the most effective configuration that guarantees exceptional performance across various scenarios. The turbine demonstrated exceptional adaptability, achieving peak efficiencies of 76. 40 % at a head of 3 m, 77.34 % at 7 m, and 78.03 % at 11 m, with a maximum power output of 81.09 kW achieved at 11 m and 800 RPM. These results highlight the turbine's ability to maintain high performance across varying hydraulic conditions. Emphasis is particularly placed on establishing accurate boundary conditions, incorporating turbulent modeling through the Shear Stress Transport (SST) k-ω model, and utilizing advanced mesh generation techniques, notably the Poly-Hexcore mesh technology. By integrating advanced simulation approaches and meshing methodologies, this research aims to refine the precision and effectiveness of turbine design procedures, ultimately contributing to the progression of sustainable energy generation technologies. The outcomes of this study are anticipated to make a substantial contribution to the realm of renewable energy production by enhancing the comprehension and enhancement of low head propeller hydro turbine technology for superior performance and sustainability in energy generation.