Optimizing Supply Chain Security Using ACO and Blockchain: Integrating Root of Trust, Unclonable Functions, and SBOM for Cybersecurity

Proposed work describes an optimal framework for improving supply chain security and delivery efficiency by combining Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and blockchain technology. Inconvenient path design is a primary trouble in last-mile delivery, causing delays and wasting resources. This study seeks to address the above issue by optimizing delivery schedules, guaranteeing that many purchasers in the same geographic area are handled by a single delivery person, hence eliminating redundant trips and delivery times. Proposed technique is driven by real-world inefficiencies seen in e-commerce systems, such as the case of two independent things bought to the same address but delivered at different times by different couriers on the same day. ACO is used to find the best delivery route, guaranteeing that all consumers in a particular area receive their items simultaneously. The framework incorporates blockchain technology to improve security, transparency, and traceability during the delivery process. Furthermore, advanced cybersecurity measures such as Root of Trust (RoT), Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs), and Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) are used to secure data integrity and enable third-party monitoring. By combining ACO for route optimization with blockchain for safe transaction processing, this system not only improves shipping time as well as asset efficiency, but it also protects supply chain cybersecurity. The suggested approach provides a scalable and reliable framework for future smart logistics and e-commerce applications, assuring operational efficiency and security.