A DVCC Based Realization of Optimized Fractional Step Low Pass Filter

Realization of fractional-step low-pass Butterworth filter (FSLBF) using a differential voltage current conveyor (DVCC) is presented. To approximate the FSLBF characteristic, the coefficients of three different filter transfer functions are optimally determined using the Craziness-based Particle Swarm Optimization (CRPSO) algorithm. Minimum absolute pole angle, −3 dB frequency response, squared magnitude error, etc., of the FSLBFs are evaluated. Simulations verify the efficacy of DVCC-based realizations for the designed frequency filters.