Investigation of the mechanical properties of aramid fiber-reinforced hybrid nanocomposites with BNNP-enhanced epoxy matrix

This study examines the mechanical properties of epoxy-based hybrid nanocomposites reinforced with Aramid fibers and boron nitride nanoplatelets. Aramid fibers and boron nitride nanoplatelets (BNNPs) were selected for their mechanical and thermal advantages in structural composites. Boron nitride nanoplatelets were chosen for their high aspect ratio, excellent mechanical stiffness, and ability to enhance interfacial bonding and thermal conductivity at the nanoscale. Epoxy-based hybrid nanocomposites were prepared via hand lay-up using aramid fibers and 0.25–0.75 wt% BNNPs. A control group containing only aramid fiber-reinforced epoxy was also included. Mechanical tests followed ASTM standards, including Shore D hardness and tensile strength measurements. Microstructural analysis using FESEM assessed fiber–matrix interactions and nanoplatelet dispersion. Results showed that 0.25 wt% boron nitride nanoplatelets provided the highest mechanical improvements. Shore D hardness increased from 63 (neat epoxy) to 93.33, and tensile strength is improved by 40% at this concentration. Higher concentrations (0.5 wt% and 0.75 wt%) led to reduced gains due to nanoparticle agglomeration. FESEM images showed uniform nanoplatelet dispersion at 0.25 wt%, enhancing fiber-matrix adhesion and reducing fiber pull-out. The study concludes that 0.25 wt% boron nitride nanoplatelets offer optimal reinforcement, highlighting their potential as an effective additive in epoxy-based nanocomposites while emphasizing dispersion control for enhanced performance. © 2025 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.