Legal challenges in international trade of genetically modified food for developing countries: Navigating a fragmented landscape

Food security, cultural identity, and economic prosperity are inextricably linked to a nation's food systems. The advent of genetically modified (GM) food technologies presents both opportunities and challenges in this complex landscape. This article examines the fragmented legal landscape surrounding international trade of GM food, focusing on the challenges faced by developing nations. We analyze the interplay between international human rights law, international environmental law, and international trade law, highlighting the lack of a unified regulatory framework. Furthermore, we explore the specific challenges faced by developing countries regarding the international trade of GM foods. Finally, we propose potential solutions and argue for the importance of public participation alongside a strengthened promotion of the consumers’ right to information.