The Concepts of Indicator and Criterion in Scientific Research (Towards the 40th Anniversary of an Article by V.M. Motylev)

V.M. Motylevʼs 1985 article entitled “The Content and Correlation of the Concepts of ‘Indicator’ and ‘Criterion’” is considered as well as a number of his other published work close in time and content. It is shown that V.M. Motylevʼs interpretation and definition of these concepts in relation to the disciplines of socio-communication cycle and the so-called metric research, objectively remains today the best and more preferable ones to be used than the definitions of indicator and criterion in various dictionaries. V.M. Motylev gave the following definitions: “...an indicator is some measurable property of an object used to quantitatively characterize another property that is not directly measurable”; “...in quantitative research a criterion is an evaluative indicator, the value of which is perceived as a numerical expression of the qualitative ratio ‘better — worse’ when making managerial decisions. The larger (or smaller) the value of the criterion is, the better is considered to be the variant of the state or property of the object corresponding to it”. Thus he established that “the formation of a quantitative criterion comes down to selecting one of many indicators describing the properties of the object to be used in the evaluation mode”. The authorsʼ check of definitions and use of these terms in specialized and non-specialized dictionaries, as well as in domestic and foreign publications has shown that in most cases there is a complete disregard of V.M. Motylevʼs formulations, which facilitates to occurrence of confusion, and complete impossibility of comparing the results of different studies, for which, inter alia, the unification of scientific terminology serves. So far, studies positioning themselves as “metric” regularly limp because of confusion in the concepts of “measurement” and “quantitative research”, directly measured and indirectly assessed property of the object (or “indicator” and property under assessment), “indicator” and “criterion”. All this makes it difficult to conduct such research, although V.M. Motylev wrote 40 years ago that “quantitative analysis consists not in ... calculations, but in identifying relationships between phenomena, determining the form and closeness of these relationships, revealing trends and patterns”.