State-of-the-Art, Challenges, and Future Trends in Hub Motor Technology for New Energy Electric Vehicles

Growing global energy and environmental concerns have positioned new energy electric vehicles (NEVs) as a strategic direction in automotive development. As a core technology in NEVs, hub motor systems offer distinct advantages including simplified powertrain architecture and direct torque control. However, technical challenges remain in areas such as thermal management, energy efficiency, and system integration. This paper provides a comprehensive review of key hub motor technologies, analyzing the current research landscape, comparative characteristics of different motor types, innovation bottlenecks, and technological evolution trends. By systematically evaluating domestic and international advancements, this study aims to establish a theoretical framework for future research directions and practical applications in hub motor technology optimization.