Parkes Weber Syndrome: Clinical Manifestations, Diagnostic Challenges, and Contemporary Management Strategies

Parkes Weber syndrome (PWS) is a rare congenital vascular anomaly characterized by a triad of capillary, venous, and lymphatic malformations associated with high-flow arteriovenous fistulas. This syndrome, often presenting with limb hypertrophy and cutaneous vascular lesions, poses significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its overlap with similar vascular syndromes such as Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome. Advances in imaging modalities, including Doppler ultrasound, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), and computed tomography angiography (CTA), have refined the diagnostic accuracy, enabling early detection and detailed vascular mapping. Current management strategies emphasize multidisciplinary approaches, integrating interventional radiology, surgical techniques, and symptomatic treatments. Despite these advancements, the natural history of PWS underscores a significant risk of complications, including chronic pain, ulceration, and potential cardiac overload from high-output heart failure. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical features, diagnostic processes, and evolving therapeutic modalities for Parkes Weber syndrome, highlighting recent innovations and unmet needs in the care of affected individuals.