Overview of the development of cybersecurity in data transmission protocols used in industry

The fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) has enabled the digitalization of almost all technological processes. While industrial robots and systems communicate with each other mainly through data transfer protocols, humans at the same time primarily play the role of process observers. Initially, the development of data transfer protocols focused primarily on speed and data quality, with minimal attention paid to cybersecurity. As more and more industrial devices share data with each other, it has become essential to ensure cybersecurity during communication. This article briefly discusses the security of data exchange protocols from this perspective. In recent decades, cyberattacks against industrial facilities have been increasing, prompting the incorporation of various security methods into communication protocols. This article provides a review of studies conducted in recent years on how cybersecurity has evolved in industrial data transmission protocols and its impact on technological processes. Additionally, the article explores how cybersecurity will influence the transition to the fifth industrial revolution (Industry 5.0). The outcome of this research will highlight how the addition of protective mechanisms to the data transmission protocols affects their functionality and quality. It will also examine the challenges that arise during the integration of security features into the data transmission protocols.