The Naga-Kuki Conflict (1992–1997): Ethnic Identity, Political Struggles, and Conflict in Northeast India

The Naga-Kuki conflict (1992–1997) in Manipur represents a significant episode of ethnic violence in Northeast India, shaped by historical grievances, territorial disputes, and competing nationalist aspirations. The conflict between these two tribal groups has its roots in colonial policies, land disputes, and political competition. The rise of insurgent groups further escalated tensions, resulting in large-scale violence, displacement, and long-term ethnic divisions. This article explores the causes and consequences of the conflict, focusing on identity politics, insurgency, governance failures, and the role of external actors. It employs a qualitative research approach based on historical records, policy analyses, and secondary literature. The findings suggest that unresolved historical grievances, contested land claims, and political marginalization played a significant role in fueling the conflict. Moreover, the failure of the Indian state to effectively mediate between the two groups contributed to prolonged hostilities. The article argues that achieving sustainable peace requires historical reconciliation, inclusive governance, and equitable resource distribution.