IoT Based Real-Time Fault Detection and Protection in Power Transformers

Power transformers serve as essential elements in electrical distribution networks, and unexpected failures can lead to substantial operational and economic impacts. This paper introduces a real-time monitoring solution built on Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to identify and manage transformer faults proactively. The system integrates multiple sensors to continuously track key operational parameters, including temperature, oil level, current, and voltage. A microcontroller processes this sensor data and facilitates transmission to a cloud-based platform via Wi-Fi. To ensure uninterrupted fault notifications in areas with limited internet access, the system employs GSM technology to dispatch SMS alerts. This dual-communication framework enhances data reliability and guarantees timely awareness of fault conditions. An interactive user interface enables real-time data visualization and decision-making. The system's modular structure supports easy scalability and deployment across diverse environments. Validation through testing confirms its effectiveness in boosting transformer performance and promoting preventive maintenance practices.