Exploring AI-powered gamified flipped classroom in an English-speaking course: a case of Duolingo

This study examines the impact of an AI-powered, gamified flipped classroom using Duolingo on Thai EFL students’ speaking skills, confidence, and perceptions, addressing the need for technology-enhanced learning. While previous research explored gamification and flipped learning separately, this study bridges the gap by examining their combined effects. Over 12 weeks, 48 first-year university students participated in pre- and post-tests, surveys, and interviews. Results showed significant improvements in speaking skills, particularly in topic communication and discussions, with students reporting increased confidence in casual conversations and presentations. Duolingo was perceived as effective for vocabulary, pronunciation, and listening skills, with its gamified environment reducing anxiety and enhancing engagement. However, intermediate and advanced learners noted limitations for higher proficiency levels. This study highlights gamified flipped learning as a scalable approach to improving foundational language skills, with recommendations to expand advanced content for broader applicability.