Challenges and Policy Framework of Hazardous and Poisonous Waste Management in Indonesia: Policy Implementation and Public Impact

Abstract This study explores the challenges and policy frame in the operation of hazardous and poisonous waste (B3) in Indonesia, focusing on policy implementation and its impact on society. Despite comprehensive regulations such as PermenLHK No. 6 of 2021 governing B3 waste management, field implementation still faces significant issues, including regulatory violations and illegal waste dumping. Policy changes, particularly those resulting from the Omnibus Law (Job Creation Law) that abolished Article 102 of the Environmental Protection and Management Law, have exacerbated the situation by reducing criminal penalties and increasing the risk of violations. The study employs a qualitative system with a case study. approach to analyze the impacts of communication, resources, and bureaucratic structure on B3 waste management. The novelty in this research lies in its in-depth analysis of. the effects of policy changes on waste violations and illegal dumping, alongside specific strategic recommendations for improving management effectiveness. Findings indicate that key challenges include insufficient regulatory understanding, a shortage of environmental inspectors, and inadequate infrastructure. The study recommends enhancing communication, strengthening human resources, and upgrading infrastructure and technology to improve B3 waste management effectiveness and mitigate negative environmental and public health impacts.