Design and Experimental Investigation of Battery Management System

Increasing energy demand is promoting the use of batteries in Energy Storage System (ESS). A battery management system (BMS) is used to mitigate the risks associated with over-charging, over-discharging, cell unbalancing and potential hazards in battery energy storage systems (BESS). The BMS is responsible for monitoring, state estimation, cell balancing, diagnostics, and fault detection to ensure the safety and durability of battery packs in stationary energy storage. Lithium-ion batteries are widely used today in a variety of applications due to their high energy density, low self-discharge rate, and relatively low cost. They are still relatively unstable and have a restricted operating range, so careful supervision is required to ensure optimal use. A precise battery model is an inevitable requirement for battery management systems for forecasting battery performance and parameters under a variety of charging and discharging scenarios. Since the lithium-ion batteries are being widely adopted for grid ancillary services, the BMS needs to be incorporated with continuous monitoring of the voltage, current and temperature of individual battery cells connected in series. This paper discusses various BMS topologies, battery modeling, simulation and experimental implementation of a master-slave topology for ensuring the safe operating voltage inside the battery pack.